Study these
sentences. Pay special attention to the
words in bold.
1. The window is open. The
thief must have entered the room
through the window. (I am sure that the thief entered through the window.)
2. Jack was absent yesterday.
He might have been ill. (May be he was ill.)
3. He doesn’t know about the
accident. You should (ought to) have
told him about it yesterday.
4. I waited for you until noon
but you didn’t show up. You should
(ought to) have informed me that you couldn’t come.
5. I was sleepy at the party. I could have taken a nap before the party. ( but I didn't take a nap)
|
might + have + V3 = perhaps
must + have + V3 = something was true
should + have + V3 = something wrong had been done
ought to have
could + have + V3 = something was not done
A. Put the verbs in brackets in
the perfect (modal+have+v3).
1. He ought to ____ me a letter
last week. (send)
2. Someone must ____ the apple.
(eat)
3. You should not ____ the money
lying there. (leave)
4. We should ____ our parents
where we are going (tell)
5. They might ____ by plane. (go)
6. He must ____ a helmet. (wear)
7. She should ____ the offer with
her father. (discuss)
8. You should not ____ the house.
(sell)
9. His mother must ____ to wake
him up yesterday morning. (forget)
10.
I ought to ____ the door last week. (paint)
B. Rewrite these sentences, using
the words in brackets. Leave out unnecessary words.
e.g.:
|
I must visit my aunt this evening. (should,
yesterday)
I should have
visited her yesterday.
|
1. Tom must finish the work now.
(ought to, last week)
2. She must pay her school fees
now. (should, yesterday)
3. We must study hard this year.
(ought to, last year)
4. You must return the book now.
(should, two days ago)
5. The secretary must answer the
letter today. (should, yesterday)
6. The man must tell the truth
soon. (should, last week)
7. My father must pay the bill
tomorrow. (ought to, yesterday)
8. I must mow the lawn this
afternoon. (should, last week)
9. They must know about the trip.
(ought to, earlier)
10. We must come to an agreement
today. (should, last night)
C. What are the real meanings of
the following sentences?
e.g.:
|
She should have studied last night.
She didn’t
study last night.
|
1. He should have brought an
umbrella.
2. The children should not have
watched TV all afternoon yesterday.
3. They ought not to have come
late to the meeting.
4. You should have gone to the
party.
5. You should have called the
police.
6. He shouldn’t have teased the
little girl.
7. They should have invited you
to the party
8. He should have submitted his
homework yesterday.
9. He should not have stayed up
late last night
10 The maid should have locked the door
11. They should have informed me about it.
12. You should have returned my book yesterday.
13. She should have caught the first flight.
14. The children should not have played in the rain.
15. You should have sent the telegram this morning.
16. The man should not have parked the car in front of the gate.
17. She should have had breakfast before going out this morning.
18. You should have helped your sister last night.
19. They should have taken a taxi.
20.
He should not have told a lie to the police.
D. Choose the best answer.
1. There in no one outside the
theatre. The performance _____.
a. must have started
b. ought to have started
c. should have started
d. would rather have started
e. was to be started
2. When I called Jane at home
there was no answer. She might have
gone to school.
The underlined words mean:
_____.
a. It is clear that she went
home.
b. I am sure that she went to
school.
c. It is not likely that she went to school.
d. It is possible that she went
to school.
e. I don’t think that she went to school.
3. “I couldn’t hear anything when
Anto was reciting Chairil Anwar’s poem.”
“You ____ a seat closer to the
stage.”
a. should have taken
b. might have taken
c. would have taken
d. had better take
e. must have taken
4. The whole kitchen was still
very dirty. She ____ forgotten to clean it.
a. should have
b. would have
c. might have
d. must be
e. could be
5. Paul is usually late for
class, but he has been on time this week. The headmaster ___ him some advice.
a. has to give
b. ought to have given
c. would have given
d. might give
e must have given
6. Mr. Hartono visited some
countries in Asia, Europe and America
a. could have
b. would have
c. ought to have
d. must have had
e. should have had
[Reference: Sesa,
Leonardus (2000) English Workbook, Makassar]
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